International Labour Organization

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who are without work, available for work, and looking for work, unless otherwise stated. This indicator presents the number of persons who have been unemployed for a year or longer as a percent of the unemployed population.

This indicator aims to capture the share of persons in the labour force protected through a contributory pension scheme (with benefits guaranteed but not currently being received). It provides information about the proportion of the labour force that will receive an old age pension once reaching pensionable age. This right to income security in old age is guaranteed by the prior payment of premiums or contributions, i.e. before the occurrence of the insured contingency.

This indicator aims to capture the share of persons in the labour force protected through a contributory pension scheme (with benefits guaranteed but not currently being received). It provides information about the proportion of the labour force that will receive an old age pension once reaching pensionable age. This right to income security in old age is guaranteed by the prior payment of premiums or contributions, i.e. before the occurrence of the insured contingency.

This indicator aims to capture the share of persons of working age protected through a contributory pension scheme (with benefits guaranteed but not currently being received). It provides information about the proportion of the working-age population that will receive an old age pension once reaching pensionable age. This right to income security in old age is guaranteed by the prior payment of premiums or contributions, i.e. before the occurrence of the insured contingency.

This indicator aims to capture the share of persons of working age protected through a contributory pension scheme (with benefits guaranteed but not currently being received). It provides information about the proportion of the working-age population that will receive an old age pension once reaching pensionable age. This right to income security in old age is guaranteed by the prior payment of premiums or contributions, i.e. before the occurrence of the insured contingency.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

This indicator conveys the annual growth rates of labour productivity. Labour productivity represents the total volume of output (measured in terms of Gross Domestic Product, GDP) produced per unit of labour (measured in terms of the number of employed persons) during a given time reference period. The indicator allows data users to assess GDP-to-labour input levels and growth rates over time, thus providing general information about the efficiency and quality of human capital in the production process for a given economic and social context, including other complementary inputs and innovations used in production. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository or ILOSTAT’s indicator description.

This indicator presents data by sex on employees' average hourly earnings. The concept of earnings, as applied in wage statistics, relates to gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers' contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. Data are also disaggregated by occupation. Statistics on average hourly earnings by sex are the basis for the calculation of the gender pay gap. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository or ILOSTAT's indicator description.

This table presents data on average monthly earnings converted to a common currency. Data in U.S. dollars are converted from local currency using exchange rates, while data in constant 2011 U.S. dollars are converted using 2011 purchasing power parities (PPPs)   Dataset splitted into below datasets:-   Local Currency (Total) - https://knoema.com/EAR_TEAR_NOC_NB   Local Currency (Men) - https://knoema.com/EAR_MEAR_NOC_NB   Local Currency (Women) - https://knoema.com/EAR_FEAR_NOC_NB   Constant 2011 PPP $ (Total) - https://knoema.com/EAR_4MPT_NOC_NB   Constant 2011 PPP $ (Men) - https://knoema.com/EAR_4MPM_NOC_NB   Constant 2011 PPP $ (Women) - https://knoema.com/EAR_4MPW_NOC_NB

The concept of earnings, as applied in wages statistics, relates to gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. This indicator is presented in terms of the average monthly earnings per employee, in local currency.

The concept of earnings, as applied in wages statistics, relates to gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. This indicator is presented in terms of the average monthly earnings per employee, in local currency. Manufacturing refers to ISIC-Rev. 4 Section C; ISIC-Rev. 3 Category D; or ISIC-Rev. 2 Major Division 2.

The concept of earnings, as applied in wages statistics, relates to gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. This indicator is presented in terms of the average monthly earnings per employee, in local currency, for men.

The concept of earnings, as applied in wages statistics, relates to gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. This indicator is presented in terms of the average monthly earnings per employee, in local currency, for women.

A case of occupational injury is the case of a worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of an occupational accident. An occupational injury that is fatal is the result of an occupational accident where death occurred within one year from the day of the accident. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

A case of occupational injury is the case of a worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of an occupational accident. An occupational injury that is fatal is the result of an occupational accident where death occurred within one year from the day of the accident.

A case of non-fatal occupational injury is the case of a worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of an occupational accident not leading to death. The non-fatal occupational injury entails a loss of working time. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

A case of non-fatal occupational injury is the case of a worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of an occupational accident not leading to death. The non-fatal occupational injury entails a loss of working time.

A case of non-fatal occupational injury is the case of a worker incurring a non-fatal occupational injury as a result of an occupational accident, which entailed a loss of working time. Incapacity for work is the inability of the victim of an occupational accident, due to an occupational injury, to perform the normal duties of work in the job or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident. The incapacity for work can be permanent, when the persons injured were never able to perform again the normal duties of work in the job or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident causing the injury, or temporary, when the workers injured were unable to work from the day after the day of the accident, but were later able to perform again the normal duties of work in the job or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident causing the injury within a period of one year from the day of the accident.

A case of non-fatal occupational injury is the case of a worker incurring a non-fatal occupational injury as a result of an occupational accident, which entailed a loss of working time. Incapacity for work is the inability of the victim of an occupational accident, due to an occupational injury, to perform the normal duties of work in the job or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident. The incapacity for work can be permanent, when the persons injured were never able to perform again the normal duties of work in the job or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident causing the injury, or temporary, when the workers injured were unable to work from the day after the day of the accident, but were later able to perform again the normal duties of work in the job or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident causing the injury within a period of one year from the day of the accident. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The collective bargaining coverage rate conveys the number of employees whose pay and/or conditions of employment are determined by one or more collective agreement(s) as a percentage of the total number of employees. Collective bargaining coverage includes, to the extent possible, workers covered by collective agreements in virtue of their extension. Collective bargaining coverage rates are adjusted for the possibility that some workers do not have the right to bargain collectively over wages (e.g. workers in the public services who have their wages determined by state regulation or other methods involving consultation), unless otherwise stated in the notes. The statistics presented in this table result from an ILO data compilation effort (including an annual questionnaire and numerous special enquiries), with contributions from J. Visser.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

Days lost due to temporary incapacity refers to the total number of calendar days during which those persons temporarily incapacitated were unable to work, excluding the day of the accident, up to a maximum of one year. Temporary absences from work of less than one day for medical treatment are not included. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Days lost due to temporary incapacity refers to the total number of calendar days during which those persons temporarily incapacitated were unable to work, excluding the day of the accident, up to a maximum of one year. Temporary absences from work of less than one day for medical treatment are not included.

Time lost per occupational injury is defined as the average number of calendar days lost per new cases of non-fatal occupational injury resulting in temporary incapacity.

Days not worked as a result of strikes and lockouts represent the total number of working days not worked as a result of strikes and lockouts in progress during the year. It is measured in terms of the sum of the actual working days during which work would normally have been carried out by each worker involved had there been no stoppage. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Translates the average number of days not worked because of strikes and lock-out per 1000 workers.

Rates of days not worked due to strikes and lockouts represent the severity rates of strikes and lockouts, calculated in terms of the number of days not worked per 1'000  workers, unless otherwise stated in the notes. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Discouraged job-seekers refer to those persons of working age who during a specified reference period were without work and available for work, but did not look for work in the recent past for specific reasons (for example, believing that there were no jobs available, believing there were none for which they would qualify, or having given up hope of finding employment). The working age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. In addition to using a minimum age threshold, certain countries also apply a maximum age limit.

Employed migrants refer to the number of persons who changed their country of usual residence and were also employed during a specified brief period. Data are disaggregated by country of origin. A person's country of origin is that from which the person originates, i.e. the country of his or her citizenship (or, in the case of stateless persons, the country of usual residence).

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

Employees are all those workers who hold paid employment jobs, which are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by economic activity and occupation, according to the latest versions of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) and International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO), respectively. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Employees are all those workers who hold paid employment jobs, which are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Employees are all those workers who hold paid employment jobs, which are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year, and presented for categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Employees are all those workers who hold paid employment jobs, which are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year, and presented for a selection of categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Employees are all those workers who hold paid employment jobs, which are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are provided by institutional sector, which refers to disaggregations by public and private sector employment. Public sector employment covers employment in the government sector plus employment in publicly-owned resident enterprises and companies, operating at central, state (or regional) and local levels of government. It covers all persons employed directly by those institutions, regardless of the particular type of employment contract. Private sector employment comprises employment in all resident units operated by private enterprises, that is, it excludes enterprises controlled or operated by the government sector.

Employees are all those workers who hold paid employment jobs, which are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year and presented for categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Employees are all those workers who hold paid employment jobs, which are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year and presented for a selection of categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Employees are all those workers who hold paid employment jobs, which are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Employees are all those workers who hold paid employment jobs, which are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by weekly hours actually worked, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by economic activity and occupation, according to the latest versions of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) and International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO), respectively. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Employed migrants refer to individuals who changed their country of usual residence and were also employed during a specified brief period. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC Rev.4). Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which the person worked during the reference period (it does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works).

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Employed migrants refer to individuals who changed their country of usual residence and were also employed during a specified brief period. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work).

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work).

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). They should include all of those who are resident within the country and exercise an economic activity for a certain period of time, regardless of legal residency status or citizenship. Employed migrants refer to individuals who changed their country of usual residence and were employed during a specified brief period. Data are disaggregated by sex and age.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work).

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by economic activity, which refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the indicator description and the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year, and presented for categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year, and presented for a selection of categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work).

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are provided by institutional sector, which refers to disaggregations by public and private sector employment. Public sector employment covers employment in the government sector plus employment in publicly-owned resident enterprises and companies, operating at central, state (or regional) and local levels of government. It covers all persons employed directly by those institutions, regardless of the particular type of employment contract. Private sector employment comprises employment in all resident units operated by private enterprises, that is, it excludes enterprises controlled or operated by the government sector.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the indicator description and the labour force estimates and projections methodological paper. 

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year and presented for a selection of categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year and presented for a selection of categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by status in employment according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-93). Status in employment refers to the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment the person has with other persons or organizations. The basic criteria used to define the groups of the classification are the type of economic risk and the type of authority over establishments and other workers which the job incumbents have or will have. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by status in employment according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-93). Status in employment refers to the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment the person has with other persons or organizations. The basic criteria used to define the groups of the classification are the type of economic risk and the type of authority over establishments and other workers which the job incumbents have or will have.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). They should include all of those who are resident within the country and exercise an economic activity for a certain period of time, regardless of legal residency status or citizenship. Employed migrants refer to individuals who changed their country of usual residence and were employed during a specified brief period. Data are disaggregated by sex and status in employment according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-93). Status in employment refers to the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment the person has with other persons or organizations. The basic criteria used to define the groups of the classification are the type of economic risk and the type of authority over establishments and other workers which the job incumbents have or will have.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by weekly hours actually worked, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by level of education, which refers to the highest levelof education completed, classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCE).

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are provided by age and geographical coverage, which entails a disaggregation by rural and urban areas.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work).

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by status in employment according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-93). Status in employment refers to the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment the person has with other persons or organizations. The basic criteria used to define the groups of the classification are the type of economic risk and the type of authority over establishments and other workers which the job incumbents have or will have. Data are also disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by status in employment according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-93). Status in employment refers to the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment the person has with other persons or organizations. The basic criteria used to define the groups of the classification are the type of economic risk and the type of authority over establishments and other workers which the job incumbents have or will have. Data are also disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by economic activity, which refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the indicator description and the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by economic activity, which refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by level of education, which refers to the highest levelof education completed, classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCE).

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by weekly hours actually worked, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the indicator description and the labour force estimates and projections methodological paper. 

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by status in employment according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-93). Status in employment refers to the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment the person has with other persons or organizations. The basic criteria used to define the groups of the classification are the type of economic risk and the type of authority over establishments and other workers which the job incumbents have or will have. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in one of the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by status in employment according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-93). Status in employment refers to the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment the person has with other persons or organizations. The basic criteria used to define the groups of the classification are the type of economic risk and the type of authority over establishments and other workers which the job incumbents have or will have.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employment-to-population ratio expresses the number of persons who are employed as a percent of the total working age population.

The employment-to-population ratio expresses the number of persons who are employed as a percent of the total working age population. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the indicator description and the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employment-to-population ratio is the number of persons who are employed as a percent of the total of working age population.

The employment-to-population ratio is the number of persons who are employed as a percent of the total of working age population.

The employment-to-population ratio is the number of persons who are employed as a percent of the total of working age populion. Data by level of education are provided on the highest level of education completed.

The employment-to-population ratio is the number of persons who are employed as a percent of the total of working age population.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employment-to-population ratio expresses the number of persons who are employed as a percent of the total working age population. Data provided only refers to males.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The employment-to-population ratio expresses the number of persons who are employed as a percent of the total working age population. Data provided only refers to females.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

An occupational injury is defined as any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident; The case is fatal where death occurred within one year of the day of the accident. Data provided refers to new fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 in reference group coverage.

The incidence rate is the average number of new cases of fatal occupational injury during the calendar year per 100,000 workers in the reference group. Data are presented disaggregated by sex and economic activity, according to the latest version available of the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC).

This indicator conveys the rate of fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 workers in the reference group. An occupational injury is defined as any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident; an occupational injury is therefore distinct from an occupational disease, which is a disease contracted as a result of an exposure over a period of time to risk factors arising from work activity. An occupational accident is an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with work which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease or death. A case of occupational injury is the case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident. An occupational injury could be fatal (as a result of occupational accidents and where death occurred within one year of the day of the accident) or non-fatal with lost work time. The workers in the particular group under consideration and covered by the source of the statistics of occupational injuries are known as the workers in the reference group. In the case of a notification system, it is the number of workers in, for example, the establishments or selected economic activities covered by the system as set out in the relevant legislation or regulations. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository or ILOSTAT's indicator description.

The incidence rate is the average number of new cases of fatal occupational injury during the calendar year per 100,000 workers in the reference group.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. The working-age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2017. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

Data refers to the number of women employed in the agricultural sector as a percent of total employment in agriculture

Data refers to the number of women employed in the industry sector as a percent of total employment in industry.

The female share of employment in managerial positions conveys the number of women in management as a percentage of employment in management. Employment in management is defined based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations. Two different measures are presented: one referring to total management (category 1 of ISCO-08 or ISCO-88), and another one referring to senior and middle management only, thus excluding junior management (category 1 in both ISCO-08 and ISCO-88 minus category 14 in ISCO-08 and minus category 13 in ISCO-88). This indicator is calculated based on data on employment by sex and occupation. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository or ILOSTAT’s indicator description.

This indicator refers to the proportion of females in total employment in senior and middle management corresponding to major group 1 in both ISCO-08 and ISCO-88 minus category 14 in ISCO-08 (hospitality, retail and other services managers) and minus category 13 in ISCO-88 (general managers), since these comprise mainly managers of small enterprises. The indicator provides information on the proportion of women who are employed in decision-making and management roles in government, large enterprises and institutions.

Data provided refers to the number of women employed in the services sector as a percent of total employment in services.

This measure of earnings dispersion refers to the percentage of low pay workers, among all low pay workers, who are female.

This indicator is a proxy for the quality of health care. It represents the percentage of the population without access to health care due to financial resource deficit. The threshold for having sufficient financial resources is US$239 per person per year. A higher figure indicates worse levels of coverage. To estimate the quality of health care, this indicator uses as a proxy the relative difference between per capita health expenditure in a given country and its median value in countries with a low level of vulnerability.To establish whether a country is spending 'enough' or has 'enough' key health workers, it is necessary first to define what constitutes 'enough', i.e. set a threshold against which a country's performance can be compared. Opinions differ on what constitutes 'enough' in these contexts, not least because it is likely to be a moving target, influenced by prevailing health issues, demography etc. The ILO's approach for measuring financial deficit is to: (i) calculate the median expenditure on health (excluding OOP) in low-vulnerability countries, then (ii) for each country, compare spending against this median. In 2014, the median in low-vulnerability countries was US$239. For example, a country spending 50% less than the median in low-vulnerability countries has a financial deficit of 50%. This is one of five indicators measuring key dimensions of deficits in health care access and coverage. For analytical purposes the full set of indicators should be considered together.

The gender wage gap is calculated as the difference between average earnings of men and average earnings of women expressed as a percentage of average earnings of men.

The gender wage gap is unadjusted and is calculated as the difference between average earnings of men and average earnings of women expressed as a percentage of average earnings of men. This indicator provides a measure of the relative difference between the earnings of men and those of women. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2015. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

This indicator conveys the number of persons of working age outside the labour force (that is, not employed or unemployed) expressed as a percentage of the working-age population. The working-age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. In addition to using a minimum age threshold, certain countries also apply a maximum age limit.

This indicator conveys the number of persons of working age outside the labour force (that is, not employed or unemployed) expressed as a percentage of the working-age population. The working-age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. In addition to using a minimum age threshold, certain countries also apply a maximum age limit.

This indicator conveys the number of persons of working age outside the labour force (that is, not employed or unemployed) expressed as a percentage of the working-age population. The working-age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. In addition to using a minimum age threshold, certain countries also apply a maximum age limit. Data are provided by geographical coverage, which entails a disaggregation by rural and urban areas. The differentiation between these geographic areas is made according to national definitions.

The incidence of part-time employment, also known as the part-time employment rate, represents the percentage of employment that is part time. Part time employment in this table is based on a common definition of less than 35 actual weekly hours worked. It is derived from the indicator on employment by sex and actual weekly hours worked.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

Inflow of employed migrants refer to the number of persons who changed their country of usual residence and were also employed during a specified brief period. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC Rev.4). Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which the person worked during the reference period (it does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works).

Inflow of employed migrants refer to the number of persons who changed their country of usual residence and were also employed during a specified brief period. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Inflow of migrants refer to the number of immigrants who changed their country of usual residence during the reference period. A person's country of usual residence is the country in which the person has a place to live where he or she normally spends the daily period of rest. Temporary travel abroad for purposes of recreation, holiday, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage does not entail a change in the country of usual residence. Data are disaggregated by sex and country of origin. A person's country of origin is that from which the person originates, i.e. the country of his or her citizenship (or, in the case of stateless persons, the country of usual residence).

Inflow of working-age migrants refer to the number of immigrants who are 15 years old and over and changed their country of usual residence during the reference period. Data are disaggregated by sex and education. Education refers to the highest level completed, classified according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 2011).

The harmonized series for informal employment and informal sector are derived using the same set of criteria across countries to improve comparability. The criteria used are based on employment status, institutional sector, destination of production, bookkeeping, registration, social security contribution, places of work and size. For more information, refer to the indicator description.

The harmonized series for informal employment and informal sector are derived using the same set of criteria across countries to improve comparability. The criteria used are based on employment status, institutional sector, destination of production, bookkeeping, registration, social security contribution, places of work and size. For more information, refer to the indicator description.

This indicator conveys the average number of labour inspectors per 10,000 employed persons, which provides some indication of the resources available for monitoring and enforncing appropriate work conditions and the corresponding standards. Labour inspectors are public officials or other authorities who are responsible for three key labour inspection activities: a) securing the enforcement of the legal provisions relating to conditions of work and the protection of workers while engaged in their work, such as provisions relating to hours, wages, safety, health and welfare, the employment of children and young persons, and other connected matters, in so far as such provisions are enforceable by labour inspectors; b) supplying technical information and advice to employers and workers concerning the most effective means of complying with the legal provisions; c) bringing to the notice of the competent authority defects or abuses not specifically covered by existing legal provisions. Labour inspectors have the authority to initiate processes that may lead to legal action.

The statistical concept of labour cost comprises remuneration for work performed, payments in respect of time paid for but not worked, bonuses and gratuities, the cost of food, drink and other payments in kind, cost of workers' housing borne by employers, employers' social security expenditures, cost to the employer for vocational training, welfare services and miscellaneous items, such as transport of workers, work clothes and recruitment, together with taxes regarded as labour cost. Data provided conveys the average labor cost (in local currency) per employee.

The statistical concept of labour cost comprises remuneration for work performed, payments in respect of time paid for but not worked, bonuses and gratuities, the cost of food, drink and other payments in kind, cost of workers' housing borne by employers, employers' social security expenditures, cost to the employer for vocational training, welfare services and miscellaneous items, such as transport of workers, work clothes and recruitment, together with taxes regarded as labour cost. Data provided conveys the average labor cost (in local currency) per employee in the manufactur sector.

This indicator provides the ratio of dependents (persons aged 0 to 14 + persons aged 15 and above that are either outside the labour force or unemployed) to total employment. The series is calculated based on ILO estimates that are harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2017. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2017. For more information, refer to the general methodological note and the labour force estimates and projections methodological paper. 

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. Migrants refer to individuals who changed their country of usual residence. Data are disaggregated by sex and age.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. Data are disaggregated by level of education, which refers to the highest level of education completed, classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCE).

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. Data are provided by age and geographical coverage, which entails a disaggregation by rural and urban areas.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. Data are disaggregated by level of education, which refers to the highest level of education completed, classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCE).

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the general methodological note and the labour force estimates and projections methodological paper. 

The labour force participation rate expresses the labour force as a percent of the working-age population.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2017. For more information, refer to the general methodological note and the labour force estimates and projections methodological paper. 

The labour force participation rate is the labour force as a percent of the working age population.

The labour force participation rate is the labour force as a percent of the working age population.

The labour force participation rate is the labour force as a percent of the working age population.  Data by level of education are provided on the highest level of education completed.

The labour force participation rate is the labour force as a percent of the working age population.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the general methodological note and the labour force estimates and projections methodological paper. 

The labour force participation rate expresses the labour force as a percent of the working-age population. Data only refers to the population of males.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the general methodological note and the labour force estimates and projections methodological paper. 

The labour force participation rate expresses the labour force as a percent of the working-age population. Data only refers to the population of females.

Labour share in GDP is the total compensation of employees given as a percent of gross domestic product (a measure of total output), both provided in nominal terms. Total compensation refers to the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an enterprise to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository.

Labour share in GDP is the total compensation of employees given as a percent of gross domestic product (a measure of total output), both provided in nominal terms. Total compensation refers to the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an enterprise to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period.

This indicator conveys the average number of labour inspection visits conducted by a labour inspector during the year. Labour inspectors are public officials or other authorities who are responsible for three key labour inspection activities: a) securing the enforcement of the legal provisions relating to conditions of work and the protection of workers while engaged in their work, such as provisions relating to hours, wages, safety, health and welfare, the employment of children and young persons, and other connected matters, in so far as such provisions are enforceable by labour inspectors; b) supplying technical information and advice to employers and workers concerning the most effective means of complying with the legal provisions; c) bringing to the notice of the competent authority defects or abuses not specifically covered by existing legal provisions. Labour inspectors have the authority to initiate processes that may lead to legal action. Labour inspection visits refer to the physical presence of a labour inspector in a work place for the purpose of carrying out a labour inspection and which is duly documented as required by national legislation.

This indicator is a proxy for rights to social security and health. It represents the percentage of the population without legal health coverage. Coverage includes affiliated members of health insurance or estimation of the population having free access to health care services provided by the State. A higher figure indicates higher percentage of the population without legal health coverage.This is one of five indicators measuring key dimensions of deficits in health care access and coverage. For analytical purposes the full set of indicators should be considered together.

This measure of earnings dispersion refers to the proportion of employees whose hourly earnings at all jobs were less than two-thirds of median hourly earnings.

The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. The working-age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2017. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

This indicator conveys the share of employment in manufacturing. Employment in manufacturing is defined based on the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC). Employment refers to all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work) or in self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). This indicator is calculated based on data on employment by sex and economic activity. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository or ILOSTAT's indicator description.

This indicator is a proxy for health system outcomes. It represents the number of maternal deaths per 10 000 live births. A higher figure indicates worse outcomes. This is one of five indicators measuring key dimensions (drivers) of deficits in health care access and coverage. For analytical purposes the full set of indicators should be considered together.

Mean monthly employment-related income refers to the gross mean average monthly wage received by all employees for all jobs in nominal terms. It is calculated by dividing the wage bill for all employees (i.e. the sum of all employees' earnings) by the total number of employees (which is the absolute number of employees, as opposed to the number of full-time equivalent employees). Data are disaggregated by sex.

The earnings of employees relate to the gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers' contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. This is a harmonized series: (1) data reported as weekly, monthly and yearly are converted to hourly using data on average weekly hours if available; and (2) data are converted to a common currency, using exchange rates for the series in U.S. dollars and using 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) rates for the series in constant 2011 PPP $. The latter series allows for international comparisons by taking account of the differences in relative prices between countries.

Data on earnings are presented, whenever possible, in nominal terms and on the basis of the average of hourly earnings of all employees.

Labour cost is the cost incurred by the employer in the employment of labour in a specified reference period. It comprises remuneration for work performed, payments in respect of time paid for but not worked, bonuses and gratuities, the cost of food, drink and other payments in kind, cost of workers' housing borne by employers, employers' social security expenditures, cost to the employer for vocational training, welfare services and miscellaneous items, such as transport of workers, work clothes and recruitment, together with taxes regarded as labour cost. This is a harmonized series: (1) data reported as weekly, monthly and yearly are converted to hourly in the local currency series, using data on average weekly hours if available; and (2) data are converted to a common currency, using exchange rates for the series in U.S. dollars and using 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) rates for the series in constant 2011 PPP $. The latter series allows for international comparisons by taking account the differences in relative prices between countries. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Data on labour cost is presented, whenever possible, in nominal terms and on the basis of the mean hourly labour cost per employee. Labour cost is the cost incurred by the employer in the employment of labour in a specified reference period. It comprises remuneration for work performed, payments in respect of time paid for but not worked, bonuses and gratuities, the cost of food, drink and other payments in kind, cost of workers' housing borne by employers, employers' social security expenditures, cost to the employer for vocational training, welfare services and miscellaneous items, such as transport of workers, work clothes and recruitment, together with taxes regarded as labour cost. . . Labour cost and compensation of employees are closely related concepts, with many common elements. If data on labour cost are not available, data are reported on the compensation of employees, a concept defined in the United Nations System of National Accounts 2008 as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an enterprise to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. The compensation of employees has two main components: a) wages and salaries payable in cash or in kind and b) social insurance contributions payable by employers, which include contributions to social security schemes; actual social contributions to other employment-related social insurance schemes and imputed social contributions to other employment-related social insurance schemes. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The concept of earnings, as applied in wages statistics, relates to gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays.

Data on earnings are presented, whenever possible, in nominal terms and on the basis of the mean of monthly earnings of all employees. The earnings of employees relate to the gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers' contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. Statistics of earnings relate to the gross remuneration of employees, i.e. the total before any deductions are made by the employer. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The earnings of employees relate to the gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers' contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. Statistics of earnings relate to the gross remuneration of employees, i.e. the total before any deductions are made by the employer. This is a harmonized series: (1) data reported as weekly and yearly are converted to monthly in the local currency series, using data on average weekly hours if available; and (2) data are converted to a common currency, using exchange rates for the series in U.S. dollars and using 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) rates for the series in constant 2011 PPP $. The latter series allows for international comparisons by taking account of the differences in relative prices between countries.

Data on earnings are presented, whenever possible, in nominal terms and on the basis of the mean of monthly earnings of all employees. The earnings of employees relate to the gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers' contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. Statistics of earnings relate to the gross remuneration of employees, i.e. the total before any deductions are made by the employer. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Mean real monthly earnings growth of employees refers to the year on year percentage growth (or decline) of mean real wages. The earnings of employees relate to the gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees deflated by the country's consumer price index, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers' contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. Statistics of earnings relate to the gross remuneration of employees, i.e. the total before any deductions are made by the employer.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work).

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year, and presented for categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year, and presented for a selection of categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year and presented for categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. The employed comprise all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in the following categories: a) paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work); or b) self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work). Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year and presented for a selection of categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. Paid employment jobs are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. Paid employment jobs are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year, and presented for categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. Paid employment jobs are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year, and presented for a selection of categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. Paid employment jobs are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. Paid employment jobs are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year and presented for categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

Data on hours of work are presented, whenever possible, on the basis of the mean number of hours of work per week, and with reference to hours worked in all jobs of employed persons and in all types of working time arrangements (e.g. full-time and part-time). Hours actually worked include (a) direct hours or the time spent carrying out the tasks and duties of a job, (b) related hours, or the time spent maintaining, facilitating or enhancing productive activities (c) down time, or time when a person in a job cannot work due to machinery or process breakdown, accident, lack of supplies or power or Internet access and (d) resting time, or time spent in short periods of rest, relief or refreshment, including tea, coffee or prayer breaks, generally practised by custom or contract according to established norms and/or national circumstances. Hours actually worked excludes time not worked during activities such as: (a) Annual leave, public holidays, sick leave, parental leave or maternity/paternity leave, other leave for personal or family reasons or civic duty, (b) Commuting time between work and home when no productive activity for the job is performed; for paid employment, even when paid by the employer; (c) Time spent in certain educational activities; for paid employment, even when authorized, paid or provided by the employer; (d) Longer breaks distinguished from short resting time when no productive activity is performed (such as meal breaks or natural repose during long trips); for paid employment, even when paid by the employer. Paid employment jobs are those where the incumbents hold employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year and presented for a selection of categories at the 2-digit level of the classification. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

The concept of hours usually worked relates to the typical value of hours actually worked in a job per a short reference period such as one week, over a long observation period of a month, quarter, season or year that comprises the short reference measurement period used. The typical value may be the modal value of the distribution of hours actually worked per short period over the long observation period, where meaningful. The short reference period for measuring hours usually worked should be the same as the reference period used to measure employment.

The concept of hours usually worked relates to the typical value of hours actually worked in a job per a short reference period such as one week, over a long observation period of a month, quarter, season or year that comprises the short reference measurement period used. The typical value may be the modal value of the distribution of hours actually worked per short period over the long observation period, where meaningful. The short reference period for measuring hours usually worked should be the same as the reference period used to measure employment.

The median age marks the point where half the group is older than that age and half is younger. The labour force comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2017. For more information, refer to the general methodological note and the labour force estimates and projections methodological paper. 

Median monthly employment-related income refers to the gross median monthly wage received by all employees for all jobs in nominal terms. The median value refers to the middle value of the distribution of monthly wages (i.e., it represents the value above and below which the earnings of 50% of the population are comprised). Data are disaggregated by sex.

Migrants comprise individuals who changed their country of usual residence. A person's country of usual residence is the country in which the person has a place to live where he or she normally spends the daily period of rest. Temporary travel abroad for purposes of recreation, holiday, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage does not entail a change in the country of usual residence. Data are disaggregated by country of origin. A person's country of origin is that from which the person originates, i.e. the country of his or her citizenship (or, in the case of stateless persons, the country of usual residence).

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

This indicator shows the percentage change of the CPI between a month and the same month of the previous year. In cases where the period of reference is a quarter, data refers to the percentage change from the same quarter of the previous year.

This indicator shows the percentage change of the CPI between two consecutive months.  In cases where the period of reference is a quarter, data refers to the percentage change between two consecutive quarters.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

This indicator presents the average number of new cases of non-fatal occupational injury during the calendar year per 100,000 workers in the reference group.

The incidence rate is the average number of new cases of non-fatal occupational injury during the calendar year per 100,000 workers in the reference group. Data are presented disaggregated by sex and economic activity, according to the latest version available of the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC).

This indicator conveys the rate of non-fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 workers in the reference group. An occupational injury is defined as any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident; an occupational injury is therefore distinct from an occupational disease, which is a disease contracted as a result of an exposure over a period of time to risk factors arising from work activity. An occupational accident is an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with work which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease or death. A case of occupational injury is the case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident. An occupational injury could be fatal (as a result of occupational accidents and where death occurred within one year of the day of the accident) or non-fatal with lost work time. The workers in the particular group under consideration and covered by the source of the statistics of occupational injuries are known as the workers in the reference group. In the case of a notification system, it is the number of workers in, for example, the establishments or selected economic activities covered by the system as set out in the relevant legislation or regulations. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository or ILOSTAT's indicator description.

The incidence rate is the average number of new cases of non-fatal occupational injury during the calendar year per 100,000 workers in the reference group.

This indicator conveys the number of children (defined as persons aged 5 to 17) involved in child labour, as well as the number of children involved in employment and the number of children involved in hazardous work. Children in employment include all those children who are engaged in any activity falling within the System of National Accounts' production boundary. Child labour is a subgroup of child employment, and it refers to children engaged in prohibited work or in types of work that should be eliminated given that they are injurious, negative or socially or morally undesirable according to national and international standards. More specifically, child labour comprises all children engaged in hazardous work, all children engaged in worst forms of child labour other than hazardous work, and employment below the minimum working age, excluding, where applicable, light work performed by children over the age of 13. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository.

Labour inspection visits refer to the physical presence of a labour inspector in a workplace for the purpose of carrying out a labour inspection and which is duly documented as required by national legislation.

Labour inspectors are public officials or other authorities who are responsible for three key labour inspection activities: a) securing the enforcement of the legal provisions relating to conditions of work and the protection of workers while engaged in their work, such as provisions relating to hours, wages, safety, health and welfare, the employment of children and young persons, and other connected matters, in so far as such provisions are enforceable by labour inspectors; b) supplying technical information and advice to employers and workers concerning the most effective means of complying with the legal provisions; c) bringing to the notice of the competent authority defects or abuses not specifically covered by existing legal provisions. Labour inspectors have the authority to initiate processes that may lead to legal action.

A strike is a temporary work stoppage carried out by one or more groups of workers with a view to enforcing or resisting demands or expressing grievances, or supporting other workers in their demands or grievances. A lockout is a total or partial temporary closure of one or more places of employment, or the hindering of the normal work activities of employees, by one or more employers with a view to enforcing or resisting demands or expressing grievances, or supporting other employers in their demands or grievances. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The outflows of nationals for any given country refer to the number of its legal citizens who changed their country of usual residence to outside of that country during the reference period. A person's country of usual residence is the country in which the person has a place to live where he or she normally spends the daily period of rest. Temporary travel abroad for purposes of recreation, holiday, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage does not entail a change in the country of usual residence. Data are disaggregated by sex and country of destination. The country of destination is the country that is a destination for migratory flows.

The outflows of nationals for employment for any given country refer to the number of its citizens who changed their country of usual residence to outside of that country during the reference period for the purpose of employment. Data are disaggregated by sex and country of destination. The country of destination is the country that is a destination for migratory flows.

The outflows of nationals for employment for any given country refer to the number of its citizens who changed their country of usual residence to outside of that country during the reference period for the purpose of employment. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC Rev.4). Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which the person worked during the reference period (it does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works).

The outflows of nationals for employment for any given country refer to the number of its citizens who changed their country of usual residence to outside of that country during the reference period for the purpose of employment. Data are disaggregated by sex and education. Education refers to the highest level completed, classified according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 2011).

The outflows of nationals for employment for any given country refer to the number of its citizens who changed their country of usual residence to outside of that country during the reference period for the purpose of employment. Data are disaggregated by occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person.

This indicator is a proxy for financial protection in case of ill health. It represents the amount of money paid directly to health care providers in exchange for health goods and services as a percentage of total health expenditure. A higher figure indicates higher percentage of out-of-pocket payments. This is one of five indicators measuring key dimensions of deficits in health care access and coverage. For analytical purposes the full set of indicators should be considered together.

This measure of labour productivity is calculated using data on GDP in constant 2005 US dollars in PPP derived from the World Development Indicators database of the World Bank. To compute labour productivity as GDP per worker, ILO estimates for total employment are used. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017.

This measure of labour productivity is calculated using data on GDP (in constant 2011 international dollars in PPP) derived from the World Development Indicators database of the World Bank. To compute labour productivity as GDP per worker, ILO estimates for total employment are used. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

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Persons outside the labour force comprise all persons of working age who, during the specified reference period, were not in the labour force (that is, were not employed or unemployed). The working-age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

Persons outside the labour force comprise all persons of working age who, during the specified reference period, were not in the labour force (that is, were not employed or unemployed). The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2017. For more information, refer to the labour force estimates and projections methodological paper. 

Persons outside the labour force comprise all persons of working age who, during the specified reference period, were not in the labour force (that is, were not employed or unemployed). The working age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. In addition to using a minimum age threshold, certain countries also apply a maximum age limit.

Persons outside the labour force comprise all persons of working age who, during the specified reference period, were not in the labour force (that is, were not employed or unemployed). The working age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. In addition to using a minimum age threshold, certain countries also apply a maximum age limit. Data are disaggregated by level of education, which refers to the highest level of education completed, classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED).

Persons outside the labour force comprise all persons of working age who, during the specified reference period, were not in the labour force (that is, were not employed or unemployed). The working age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. Data are provided by age and geographical coverage, which entails a disaggregation by rural and urban areas.

The total population comprises persons of all ages who were living in the country during the reference period, regardless of residency status or citizenship. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2017, the source for the population figures used is World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision and the rural urban distribution population source is World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision issued by the United Nations.

The total population comprises persons of all ages who were living in the country during the reference period, regardless of residency status or citizenship. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2017, the source for the population figures used is World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision issued by the United Nations.

The total population comprises persons of all ages who were living in the country during the reference period, regardless of residency status or citizenship. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2030 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of July 2017, the source for the population figures used is World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision and the rural urban distribution population source is World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision issued by the United Nations.

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This indicator conveys the proportion of children (defined as persons aged 5 to 17) involved in child labour, as well as the proportion of children involved in employment and the proportion of children involved in hazardous work. Children in employment include all those children who are engaged in any activity falling within the System of National Accounts' production boundary. Child labour is a subgroup of child employment, and it refers to children engaged in prohibited work or in types of work that should be eliminated given that they are injurious, negative or socially or morally undesirable according to national and international standards. More specifically, child labour comprises all children engaged in hazardous work, all children engaged in worst forms of child labour other than hazardous work, and employment below the minimum working age, excluding, where applicable, light work performed by children over the age of 13. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository.

This indicator conveys the share of informal employment in total employment in the non-agricultural sector. Employment comprises all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were either in paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work) or in self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work).  Informal employment comprises persons who in their main or secondary jobs were (a) own-account workers, employers and members of producers’ cooperatives employed in their own informal sector enterprises; (b) own-account workers engaged in the production of goods exclusively for own final use by their household (e.g. subsistence farming); (c) contributing family workers, regardless of whether they work in formal or informal sector enterprises; or (d) employees holding informal jobs, whether employed by formal sector enterprises, informal sector enterprises, or as paid domestic workers by households. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository or ILOSTAT’s indicator description.

This indicator conveys the share of the population effectively covered by a social protection system, including social protection floors. It also provides the coverage rates of the main components of social protection: child and maternity benefits, support for persons without a job, persons with disabilities, victims of work injuries and older persons. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository.

The share of youth not in education, employment or training (also known as the NEET rate) conveys the number of young persons not in education, employment or training as a percentage of the total youth population. It provides a measure of youth who are outside the educational system, not in training and not in employment, and thus serves as a broader measure of potential youth labour market entrants than youth unemployment, since it also includes young persons outside the labour force not in education or training. This indicator is also a better measure of the current universe of potential youth labour market entrants compared to the youth inactivity rate, as the latter includes those youth who are not in the labour force and are in education, and thus cannot be considered currently available for work. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository or ILOSTAT's indicator description.

The total public sector employment covers all employment of general government sector as defined in System of National Accounts 1993 plus employment of publicly owned enterprises and companies, resident and operating at central, state (or regional) and local levels of government. It covers all persons employed directly by those institutions, without regard for the particular type of employment contract. For more information, see the working paper: Statistics on Public Sector Employment: Methodology, Structures and Trends. 

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A workplace can be defined as any physical space, whether a physical construction (such as a building or set of buildings) or not, in which at least one employed person carries out their work activities. Only those workplaces that are registered and could potentially be selected for labour inspection are included in the total number.

The resident population comprises persons who were usual residents living in the country, regardless of their legal residency status or citizenship. The migrant population refers to persons who changed their country of usual residence. A person's country of usual residence is the country in which the person has a place to live where he or she normally spends the daily period of rest. Temporary travel abroad for purposes of recreation, holiday, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage does not entail a change in the country of usual residence. Data refer to the total population (0+) and are disaggregated by sex.

The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The adult population is defined as persons aged 25 and over, unless otherwise specified. This indicator expresses the adult population with advanced education (tertiary education) as a percent of the total adult population.

Data provided refers to the employment in the agriculture sector as a share of total employment.

The contributing family workers are employed persons who work in an establishment usually operated by a related person living in the same household. Data provided refers to this category of workers as a percent of total employment.

The contributing family workers are employed persons who work in an establishment usually operated by a related person living in the same household. Data provided refers to this category of workers as a percent of total employment, exclusively for males.

The contributing family workers are employed persons who work in an establishment usually operated by a related person living in the same household. Data provided refers to this category of workers as a percent of total employment, exclusively for females.

Data provided refers to persons in paid employment and working more than 48 hours per week as a percent of the total number of employees.

Data provided refers to men in paid employment and working more than 48 hours per week as a percent of the total number of male employees.

Data provided refers to women in paid employment and working more than 48 hours per week as a percent of the total number of female employees.

Employers are workers who, on their own or jointly with other persons, control their enterprise and hire paid employees on a continuous basis. This indicator expresses the number of employers as a percent of total employment.

Employers are workers who, on their own or jointly with other persons, control their enterprise and hire paid employees on a continuous basis. This indicator expresses the number of male employers as a percent of the total male employment.

Employers are workers who, on their own or jointly with other persons, control their enterprise and hire paid employees on a continuous basis. This indicator expresses the number of female employers as a percent of the total female employment.

Data provided refers to the employment in the industry sector as a share of total employment.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who are without work, available for work, and looking for work, unless otherwise stated. This indicator presents the number of persons who have been unemployed for a year or longer as a percent of the unemployed population.

The own account workers are workers who control their enterprise (on their own or with others) and who don't hire paid employees on a continuous basis but may have assistance from contributing family workers. Data provided expresses this category as a percent of total employment.

The own account workers are workers who control their enterprise (on their own or with others) and who don't hire paid employees on a continuous basis but may have assistance from contributing family workers. Data provided expresses this category as a percent of total employment, exclusively for males.

The own account workers are workers who control their enterprise (on their own or with others) and who don't hire paid employees on a continuous basis but may have assistance from contributing family workers. Data provided expresses this category as a percent of total employment, exclusively for females.

Data provided refers to persons in paid employment in the non-agricultural sector as a percent of total non-agricultural employment.

Data provided refers to persons in paid employment in the non-agricultural sector as a percent of total non-agricultural employment, for men.

Data provided refers to persons in paid employment in the non-agricultural sector as a percent of total non-agricultural employment, for women.

This indicator measures the proportion of the population above the statutory pensionable age that receives an old-age pension, which is a fundamental social security instrument that contributes to the income security of older persons. It provides information on the share of the older population benefiting from social security.

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Data provided refers to the employment in the services sector as a share of total employment.

This indicator represents temporary employment as a percentage of employees. Temporary employment, whereby workers are engaged only for a specific period of time, includes fixed-term, project- or task-based contracts, as well as seasonal or casual work, including day labour. There are wide differences in definitions used across countries, which should be kept in mind when making cross-country comparisons.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who are without work, available for work, and looking for work, unless otherwise stated. This indicator presents the number of unemployed with an advanced level of education (tertiary education) as a percent of the unemployed population.

Data provided refers to the unemployed persons whose level of education is primary or lower-secondary as a percent of the labour force with the same education level.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who are without work, available for work, and looking for work, unless otherwise stated. This indicator presents the number of unemployed with an intermediate level of education (upper-secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education) as a percent of the unemployed population.

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The youth not in employment, education or training are persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years who are unemployed and out of the education system. Data provided conveys the share of this category of youth as a percent of total youth. In practice, some countries define different age band to identify the youth.

This indicator refers to the proportion of youth who are not in employment and not in education or training. For statistical purposes, youth are defined as persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years.

The youth not in employment, education or training are persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years who are unemployed and out of the education system. Data provided conveys the share of this category of youth as a percent of total youth. In practice, some countries define different age band to identify the youth. Only the sugroup of females is considered here.

The youth not in employment, education or training are persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years who are unemployed and out of the education system. Data provided conveys the share of this category of youth as a percent of total youth. In practice, some countries define different age band to identify the youth. Only the sugroup of females is considered here.

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This indicator is a proxy for the availability of health care. It represents the percentage of the population without access to health care due to the absence of the health workforce. The threshold for having a sufficient health workforce is 41.1 health workers per 10 000 population. A higher figure indicates worse availability. Note that this indicator reflects the supply side of availability, in this case the availability of human resources is at a level that guarantees at least basic, but universal, access. To estimate access to the services of skilled medical professionals (physicians, nursing and midwifery personnel), it uses as a proxy the relative difference between the density of these health workers in a given country (number per 10 000 population) and its median value in countries with a low level of vulnerability (defined according to the structure of employment and levels of poverty).To establish whether a country is spending 'enough' or has 'enough' key health workers, it is necessary first to define what constitutes 'enough', i.e. set a threshold against which a country's performance can be compared. Opinions differ on what constitutes 'enough' in these contexts, not least because it is likely to be a moving target, influenced by prevailing health issues, demography etc. The ILO's approach for measuring financial deficit is to: (i) calculate the median expenditure on health (excluding OOP) in low-vulnerability countries, then (ii) for each country, compare spending against this median. In 2014, the median in low-vulnerability countries was US$239. For example, a country spending 50% less than the median in low-vulnerability countries has a financial deficit of 50%. The same principle applies to the staff access deficit indicator, for which the 2014 median in low-vulnerability countries was 41.1. This is one of five indicators measuring key dimensions of deficits in health care access and coverage. For analytical purposes the full set of indicators should be considered together.

Data refer to the minimum monthly earnings of all employees as of December 31st of each year. Minimum wages are not reported for countries for which collective bargaining is in place for minimum wages. In cases where a national minimum wage is not mandated, the minimum wage in place in the capital or major city is used. In some cases, an average of multiple regional minimum wages is used. In countries where the minimum wage is set at the sectoral level or occupational level, the minimum wage for manufacturing or unskilled workers is generally applied. This is a harmonized series: (1) data reported as hourly, weekly, and yearly are converted to monthly, using data on average weekly hours if available; and (2) data are converted to a common currency, using exchange rates for the series in U.S. dollars and using 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) rates for the series in constant 2011 PPP $. The latter series allows for international comparisons by taking account of the differences in relative prices between countries.

Data refer to the minimum monthly earnings of all employees as of December 31st of each year. Minimum wages are not reported for countries for which collective bargaining is in place for minimum wages. In cases where a national minimum wage is not mandated, the minimum wage in place in the capital or major city is used. In some cases, an average of multiple regional minimum wages is used. In countries where the minimum wage is set at the sectoral level or occupational level, the minimum wage for manufacturing or unskilled workers is generally applied. This is a harmonized series: (1) data reported as hourly, weekly, and yearly are first converted to monthly, using data on average weekly hours if available, and then converted to constant 2011 PPP dollars using 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) rates. This allows for international comparisons by taking account of the differences in relative prices between countries.

Data refer to the statutory minimum monthly gross earnings of employees as of December 31st of each year, presented in nominal terms. Minimum wages are not reported for countries for which collective bargaining is in place for minimum wages. In cases where a national minimum wage is not mandated, the minimum wage in place in the capital or major city is used. In some cases, an average of multiple regional minimum wages is used. In countries where the minimum wage is set at the sectoral level or occupational level, the minimum wage for manufacturing or unskilled workers is generally applied.

Stock of nationals abroad comprise the persons whose country of usual residence is not the same as their country of origin for any given country of origin. A person's country of residence is the country in which the person has a place to live where he or she normally spends the daily period of rest. A person's country of origin is that from which the person originates, i.e. the country of his or her citizenship (or, in the case of stateless persons, the country of usual residence). Data are disaggregated by sex and country of residence.

Persons in time-related underemployment comprise all persons in employment, who satisfy the following three criteria during the reference period: a) are willing to work additional hours; b) are available to work additional hours i.e., are ready, within a specified subsequent period, to work additional hours, given opportunities for additional work; and c) worked less than a threshold relating to working time i.e., persons whose hours actually worked in all jobs during the reference period were below a threshold, to be chosen according to national circumstances. For details, refer to the Resolution concerning the measurement of underemployment and inadequate employment situations.

This indicator expresses the number of employed persons in time-related underemployment as a percent of total employment.

The time-related underemployment rate conveys the number of persons in time-related underemployment as a percent of the total number of persons in employment. Persons in time-related underemployment comprise all persons in employment, who satisfy the following three criteria during the reference period: a) are willing to work additional hours; b) are available to work additional hours i.e., are ready, within a specified subsequent period, to work additional hours, given opportunities for additional work; and c) worked less than a threshold relating to working time i.e., persons whose hours actually worked in all jobs during the reference period were below a threshold, to be chosen according to national circumstances. For details, refer to the Resolution concerning the measurement of underemployment and inadequate employment situations.

This indicator expresses the number of employed men in time-related underemployment as a percent of total male employment.

This indicator expresses the number of employed women in time-related underemployment as a percent of total female employment.

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A trade union is defined as a workers' organization constituted for the purpose of furthering and defending the interests of workers. This trade union density rate conveys the number of union members who are employees as a percentage of the total number of employees. For the purpose of this indicator in particular, trade union membership excludes union members who are not in paid employment (self-employed, unemployed, retired, etc.), unless otherwise stated in the notes. The statistics presented in this table result from an ILO data compilation effort (including an annual questionnaire and numerous special enquiries), with contributions from J. Visser.

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force). The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017. For more information, refer to the indicator description and the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences. Data are disaggregated by category of unemployed persons according to whether (1) they have been previously employed or (2) they were seeking their first job.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences. Data are disaggregated by duration of unemployment.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences. Data are disaggregated by duration of unemployment.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences. Data are disaggregated by level of education, which refers to the highest levelof education completed, classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCE).

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences. Data are provided by age and geographical coverage, which entails a disaggregation by rural and urban areas.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences. Data are disaggregated by duration of unemployment.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences. Data are disaggregated by level of education, which refers to the highest levelof education completed, classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCE).

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences. Data are disaggregated by the unemployed person's former economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For purposes of international comparability, the period of job search is often defined as the preceding four weeks, but this varies from country to country. The specific steps taken to seek employment may include registration at a public or private employment exchange; application to employers; checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, market or other assembly places; placing or answering newspaper advertisements; seeking assistance of friends or relatives; looking for land, building, machinery or equipment to establish own enterprise; arranging for financial resources; and applying for permits and licences. Data are disaggregated by the unemployed person's former occupation according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) available for that year. Information on occupation provides a description of the set of tasks and duties which are carried out by, or can be assigned to, one person. 

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force). The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the indicator description and the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force).

The unemployment rate conveys the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the labour force (i.e., the employed plus the unemployed). The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository (https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/) or ILOSTAT's indicator description.

The unemployment rate conveys the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the labour force (i.e., the employed plus the unemployed). The unemployed comprise all persons of working age who were: a) without work during the reference period, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment; b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository or ILOSTAT's indicator description.

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force). The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the indicator description and the ILO estimates and projections methodological note. Data for 1991-2016 are estimates while 2017-2021 data are projections. The dataset was updated as of November 2017.

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force).

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force).

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force). For more information, refer to the indicator description.

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force). Data by level of education are provided on the highest level of education completed.

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force).

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force).

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force).

The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed as a percent of the total number of employed and unemployed persons (i.e., the labour force). The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to account for differences in national data and scope of coverage, collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors. For more information, refer to the indicator description and the ILO estimates and projections methodological note.

Wages and Employment

Workers involved in strikes and lockouts represents the number of workers implicated directly or indirectly at any time during a strike or lockout, whether the involvement was for the full duration of the strike or lockout or only part of it. Workers who are unable to work as a result of the secondary effects of strikes or lockouts should not be included. Data are disaggregated by economic activity according to the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) available for that year. Economic activity refers to the main activity of the establishment in which a person worked during the reference period and does not depend on the specific duties or functions of the person's job, but on the characteristics of the economic unit in which this person works.

The working poor are persons who, in spite of being employed, still live in a household classified as poor (i.e. household that has income or consumption levels below the poverty line). This indicator expresses the number of working poor as a percentage of the employed population.

The working poverty rate conveys the percentage of employed persons living in poverty in spite of being employed. Poverty is defined using the international poverty line of US$1.90 per day in purchasing power parity (PPP). For further information, see the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository.

The working poor are persons who, in spite of being employed, still live in a household classified as poor (i.e. household that has income or consumption levels below the poverty line). This indicator expresses the number of working poor men as a percentage of the male employed population.

The working poor are persons who, in spite of being employed, still live in a household classified as poor (i.e. household that has income or consumption levels below the poverty line). This indicator expresses the number of working poor women as a percentage of the female employed population.

The working-age population is commonly defined as persons aged 15 years and older, but this varies from country to country. In addition to using a minimum age threshold, certain countries also apply a maximum age limit.

The working-age population refers to persons aged 15 years and older. Working-age migrants comprise persons aged 15 years and older who changed their country of usual residence. A person's country of usual residence is the country in which the person has a place to live where he or she normally spends the daily period of rest. Temporary travel abroad for purposes of recreation, holiday, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage does not entail a change in the country of usual residence. Data are disaggregated by sex and education. Education refers to the highest level completed, classified according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 2011).